Bava Kamma 164

ואתא איהו תיקן חפיפה:

whereas Ezra came and ordained actual combing.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the sake of absolute certainty. ');">¹</span> 'That pedlars selling spicery be allowed to travel about in the towns' — for the purpose of providing toilet articles for the women so that they should not be repulsive in the eyes of their husbands.

ושיהו רוכלין מחזרין בעיירות משום תכשיטי נשים כדי שלא יתגנו על בעליהם:

'He also decreed that immersion was required for those to whom pollution had happened.' Is not this in the pentateuch, as it is written: <i>And if the flow of seed go out front him, then he shall bathe all his flesh in water</i>?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Lev. XV. 16. ');">²</span> — The pentateuchal requirement referred to <i>terumah</i> and sacrifices and he came and decreed that even for [the study of] the words of the Torah [immersion is needed].

ותיקן טבילה לבעלי קריין דאורייתא הוא דכתיב (ויקרא טו, טז) ואיש כי תצא ממנו שכבת זרע ורחץ את בשרו במים דאורייתא הוא לתרומה וקדשים אתא הוא תיקן אפילו לדברי תורה:

Ten special regulations were applied to Jerusalem:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Yoma 23a; 'Ar. 32b and Tosef. Neg. VI, 2. [According to Krauss, REJ. LIII, 29 ff., some of these regulations relate only to the Temple Mount.] ');">³</span> That a house sold there should not be liable to become irredeemable;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As should be the case with dwelling houses of a walled city (cf. Lev. XXV, 29-30); but is on the other hand considered as a house of a village which has no wall round about it; (ibid. 31.). ');">⁴</span>

עשרה דברים נאמרו בירושלים אין הבית חלוט בה ואינה מביאה עגלה ערופה ואינה נעשית עיר הנדחת

that it should never bring a heifer whose neck is broken;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As required in Deut. XXI, 3-4 in the case of a person found slain and it be not known who hath slain him. ');">⁵</span> that it could never be made a condemned city;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which would he subject to Deut. XIII, 13-18. ');">⁶</span>

ואינה מטמאה בנגעים ואין מוציאין בה זיזין וגזוזטראות ואין עושין בה אשפתות ואין עושין בה כבשונות ואין עושין בה גנות ופרדסות חוץ מגנות וורדין שהיו מימות נביאים הראשונים ואין מגדלים בה תרנגולין ואין מלינין בה את המת

that its houses would not become defiled through leprosy;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Lev. XIV, 34-53. ');">⁷</span> that neither beams nor balconies should be allowed to project there; that no dunghills should be made there; that no kilns should be kept there; that neither gardens nor orchards should be cultivated there, with the exception, however, of the garden of roses<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the Jordan resin grew; cf. Ker. 6a. ');">⁸</span>

אין הבית חלוט בה דכתיב (ויקרא כה, ל) וקם הבית אשר לו חומה לצמיתות לקונה אותו לדורותיו וקסבר לא נתחלקה ירושלים לשבטים

which existed from the days of the former prophets;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Cf. II Kings XXV, 4; Jer. XXXI, 4; Neh. III, 15. V. Krauss, loc. cit. p. 33.] ');">⁹</span> that no fowls should be reared there, and that no dead person should be kept there over night.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Hag. 26a; v. infra, p. 469. ');">¹⁰</span>

ואינה מביאה עגלה ערופה דכתיב (דברים כא, א) כי ימצא חלל באדמה אשר ה' אלהיך נותן לך לרשתה וירושלים לא נתחלקה לשבטים

'That a house sold there should not be liable to become irredeemable' — for it is written: <i>Then the house that is in the walled city shall be made sure in perpetuity to him that bought it throughout his generations</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV. 29-30. ');">¹¹</span> and as it is maintained<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Yoma 12a. ');">¹²</span>

ואינה נעשית עיר הנדחת דכתיב (דברים יג, יג) עריך וירושלים לא נתחלקה לשבטים

that Jerusalem was not divided among the tribes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But was kept in trust for all Israel and could therefore not be subject to a law where absolute private ownership is referred to. ');">¹³</span> 'That it should never bring a heifer whose neck is broken' — as it is written: <i>If one be found slain in the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee to possess it</i>,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXI, 1. ');">¹⁴</span>

ואינה מטמאה בנגעים דכתיב (ויקרא יד, לד) ונתתי נגע צרעת בבית ארץ אחוזתכם וירושלים לא נתחלקה לשבטים

and Jerusalem [could not be included as it] was not divided among the tribes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But was kept in trust for all Israel and could therefore not be subject to a law where absolute private ownership is referred to. ');">¹³</span> 'That it could never be made a condemned city' — for it is written, [<i>One of</i>] <i>thy cities</i>,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XIII, 13. ');">¹⁵</span>

ואין מוציאין בה זיזין וגזוזטראות מפני אהל הטומאה ומשום דלא ליתזקו עולי רגלים

and Jerusalem was not divided among the tribes. 'That its houses could not become defiled through leprosy' — for it is written, <i>And I put the plague of leprosy in the house of the land of your possession</i>,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIV, 34. ');">¹⁶</span>

ואין עושין בה אשפתות משום שקצים

and Jerusalem was not divided among the tribes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But was kept in trust for all Israel and could therefore not be subject to a law where absolute private ownership is referred to. ');">¹³</span> 'That neither beams nor balconies should be allowed to project' — in order not to form a tent spreading defilement,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Num. XIX, 14. ');">¹⁷</span>

ואין עושין בה כבשונות משום קוטרא

and not to cause harm to the pilgrims for the festivals.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By the spread of defilement. ');">¹⁸</span> 'That no dunghills be made there' — on account of reptiles.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which thrive in dunghills, and as soon as they die they become a source of defilement. ');">¹⁹</span>

ואין עושין בה גנות ופרדסין משום סירחא

'That no kilns be kept there' — on account of the smoke.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which would blacken the buildings of the town; cf. B.B. 23a. ');">²⁰</span> 'That neither gardens nor orchards be cultivated there' — on account of the bad odour [of withered grasses].

ואין מגדלין בה תרנגולין משום קדשים

'That no fowls be bred there' on account of the sacrifices. 'That no dead person be kept there overnight' — this is known by tradition.

ואין מלינין בה את המת גמרא:

IT IS NOT RIGHT TO BREED PIGS IN ANY PLACE WHATEVER. Our Rabbis taught: When the members of the Hasmonean house were contending with one another, Hyrcanus was within and Aristobulus without [the city wall].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [In the parallel passage the roles are reversed, Aristobulus being besieged and Hyrcanus laying the siege; v. Graetz, Geschichte III, p. 710 ff. Cf. Josephus, Ant. XIV, 2, 2.] ');">²¹</span> [Those who were within] used to let down to the other party every day a basket of <i>denarii</i>, and [in return] cattle were sent up for the regular sacrifices.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Num. XXVIII, 2-4. ');">²²</span>

אין מגדלין חזירים בכל מקום תנו רבנן כשצרו בית חשמונאי זה על זה היה הורקנוס מבפנים ואריסטובלוס מבחוץ ובכל יום היו משלשים להם בקופה דינרין והיו מעלין להם תמידים

There was, however, an old man<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Identified with Antipater, an ally of Hyrcanus, v. Graetz, op. cit. 711.] ');">²³</span> [among the besiegers] who had some knowledge in Grecian Wisdom<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' ['Sophistry'. v. Graetz, loc. cit.] ');">²⁴</span>

היה שם זקן אחד שהיה מכיר בחכמת יוונית אמר להם כל זמן שעוסקין בעבודה אין נמסרים בידכם למחר שילשלו דינרין בקופה והעלו להם חזיר כיון שהגיע לחצי החומה נעץ צפרניו בחומה ונזדעזעה ארץ ישראל ארבע מאות פרסה על ארבע מאות פרסה

and who said to them: 'So long as the other party [are allowed to] continue to perform the service of the sacrifices they will not be delivered into your hands.' On the next day when the basket of <i>denarii</i> was let down, a swine was sent up. When the swine reached the centre of the wall it stuck its claws into the wall, and Eretz Yisrael quaked over a distance of four hundred parasangs<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. ');">²⁵</span> by four hundred parasangs. It was proclaimed on that occasion: Cursed be the man who would breed swine and cursed be the man who would teach his son Grecian Wisdom. It was concerning this time that we have learnt<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Men. 64b. [The places are identified respectively with Sarafand near Lydda and Assakar near Nablus.] ');">²⁶</span>

באותה שעה אמרו ארור האיש שיגדל חזירים וארור האדם שילמד את בנו חכמת יוונית ועל אותה שעה שנינו מעשה שבא עומר מגנות הצריפין ושתי הלחם מבקעת עין סוכר:

that the <i>'Omer</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'a sheaf', denoting the public sacrifice of the first-fruits of the harvest described in Lev. XXIII, 10-14. ');">²⁷</span> was once brought from the gardens of Zarifin and the two loaves<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. ibid. 17. ');">²⁸</span>

וחכמת יוונית מי אסירא והתניא אמר רבי בארץ ישראל

from the Valley of En Soker.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sot. 49b and Men. 64b. ');">²⁹</span> But was Grecian Wisdom proscribed? Was it not taught that Rabbi stated: 'Why use the Syriac language in Eretz Yisrael